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#include <iostream> 
//#include<conio.h> 
 
using namespace std;
 
// HAMMING CODE FOR 4-bit data. 2^2 => 2 + 1 = 3
// Error detection bits req = 3
// Total bits required = 4 + 3 = 7 bits
 
// R holding the error detection bits.
// 2^0 = 1
// 2^1 = 2
// 2^2 = 4
 
// Frame: d7 d6 d5 r4 d3 r2 r1
 
int i=0;
int d3, d5, d6, d7;
int r1, r2, r4;
 
 
void sender()
{
        cout<<" Enter the 4-bit word: ";
        cin>>d7;
        cin>>d6;
        cin>>d5;
        cin>>d3;
 
// What all positions it affects:
// r1: 1, 3, 5, 7
// r2: 2, 3, 6, 7
// r4: 4, 5, 6, 7
 
// Then, check whether it contains even number of 1s or not.
// If even, put 0, else put 1.
 
        r1= (d3 + d5 + d7) %2;
        r2= (d3 + d6 + d7) %2;
        r4= (d5 + d6 + d7) %2;
 
// FRAME:
        int frame[] = { r1, r2, d3, r4, d5, d6, d7 };
 
        cout <<"\n The code at SENDER is: ";
        for(i=6; i>=0; i--)
        cout<<frame[i]<<" ";
}
 
void receiver()
{
        int frame[7];
        cout<<"\n Enter the code at RECEIVER: ";
 
        for(i=6; i>=0; i--)
        cin>>frame[i];
 
        d7 = frame[6];
        d6 = frame[5];
        d5 = frame[4];
        r4 = frame[3];
        d3 = frame[2];
        r2 = frame[1];
        r1 = frame[0];
 
// What all positions Rs it affects:
// r1: 1, 3, 5, 7
// r2: 2, 3, 6, 7
// r4: 4, 5, 6, 7
 
        //If not even
        r1= (r1 + d3 + d5 + d7) %2;
        r2= (r2 + d3 + d6 + d7) %2;
        r4= (r4 + d5 + d6 + d7) %2;
 
//Find position by converting binary no r4 r2 r1 to decimal
 
        int dec=0;
 
        if( r1 == 0 && r2 == 0 && r4 == 0 )
        cout<<" No Errors. Message is = "<<d7<<d6<<d5<<d3;
        else
        {
        if( r4 == 1)
        dec += 4;
 
        if(r2 == 1)
        dec += 2;
 
        if(r1 == 1)
        dec += 1;
 
        cout<<"\n Error found at position "<<dec;
        }
}
 
int main ( )
{
//      clrscr();
 
        cout<<"\n FRAME: d7 d6 d5 r4 d3 r2 r1 "<<endl;
        cout<<endl;
        sender();
 
        cout<<endl;
        receiver();
        cout<<endl;
//      getch();
}

 FRAME: d7 d6 d5 r4 d3 r2 r1 

 Enter the 4-bit word: 1 1 0 0
 The code at SENDER is: 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 

 Enter the code at RECEIVER: 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 
 No Errors. Message is = 1100

 FRAME: d7 d6 d5 r4 d3 r2 r1 

 Enter the 4-bit word: 1 1 0 0
 The code at SENDER is: 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 

 Enter the code at RECEIVER: 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
 Error found at position 3

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#include<iostream>
 
using namespace std;
 
/*      CLASSES
 
        A:        0 - 127 ( = 128 )
        B:      128 - 191 ( =  64 )
        C:      192 - 223 ( =  32 )
        D:      224 - 239 ( =  16 )
        E:      240 - 255 ( =  16 )
*/
 
 
int main()
        {
//      clrscr();
 
        int a[4],i=0;
 
        cout<<"Enter The IP address";
        for(i=0;i<4;i++)
                cin>>a[i];
 
        cout<<"\n IP ADDRESS:"<<a[0];
        cout<<"."<<a[1]<<"."<<a[2]<<"."<<a[3]<<"\n";
 
        cout<<"The IP address is in Class: ";
 
        if(a[0]>=0 && a[0]<=127)
        cout<<"Class A";
        if(a[0]>127 && a[0]<191)
        cout<<"Class B";
        if(a[0]>191 && a[0]<224)
        cout<<"Class C";
        if(a[0]>224 && a[0]<=239)
        cout<<"Class D";
        if(a[0]>239)
        cout<<"Class E";
 
//      getch();
 
        return 1;
        }
 

Enter The IP address 220 100 8 12

 IP ADDRESS:220.100.8.12
The IP address is in Class: Class C

Every IP address is broke down into four sets of octets that break down into binary to represent the actual IP address. The below table is an example of the IP 255.255.255.255. 

If we were to break down the IP "166.70.10.23", you would get the below value. In the below table, the first row is the IP address, the second row is the binary values, and the third row shows how the binary value equals the section of the IP address.

Enter the IP Address: 100 125 0 8
The ip address is: 100.125.0.8
01100100.01111101.00000000.00001000

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#include <iostream>
 
using namespace std;
 
int pow(int n, int i)
{
int result=1;
 
while(i--)
{
result*=n;
}
 
return result;
}
 
 
int main()
{
  int n;
 
  cout<<"Enter A Binary Number: ";
  cin>>n;
 
  cout<<"\n BINARY: "<<n;
 
        // 128 = 2^7 = 8 bit
        //  64 = 2^6 = 7 bit
        //  32 = 2^5 = 6 bit
        //  16 = 2^4 = 5 bit
        //  08 = 2^3 = 4 bit
        //  04 = 2^2 = 3 bit
        //  02 = 2^1 = 2 bit
        //  01 = 2^0 = 1 bit
 
        int i=0; //1st place
        int dec=0;
        int digit;
        
        do
        {
        digit = n%10;
        
        if( digit == 1 )
        dec+=pow(2,i);
 
        i++;
        n/=10;
        }
        while (n > 0);
        
 
  cout<<"\n DECIMAL: "<<dec<<endl;
        return 1;
}

Enter A Binary Number: 
 BINARY: 1100
 DECIMAL: 12

Enter A Decimal Number: 12
 DECIMAL: 12
 BINARY: 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0